A Comparative Study Between the Climate Response Strategies and Thermal Comfort of a Traditional and Contemporary Houses in KRG: Erbil

https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.3.54

Abstract views: 1634 / PDF downloads: 1290

Authors

  • Diler Haji Morad Architecture Engineering department, College of Engineering, University of Duhok , Iraq
  • Serbest Khalil Ismail Architecture Engineering department, College of Engineering, University of Duhok , Iraq

Abstract

The hot and dry climate conditions in Erbil city has a main effect on the energy consumption and thermal performance of the house. In the last decade, residential sector in Kurdistan region government has consumed about 50% of total energy consumption. The contemporary dwelling did not consider climate consideration therefore; there was difficulty in achieving or obtaining thermal comfort conditions, without using electrical or mechanical devices like air- conditioning. In contrast, traditional houses carefully and effectively designed with climate conditions. In the present study, in order to determine suitable architectural strategy that may be benefit in future housing designs, the climate response strategies and thermal comfort examined in both traditional and contemporary houses in Erbil city and evaluated in terms of building form, orientation, occupancy migration, plan arrangement, window, ventilation, shading, Vegetation, water bodies building materials and Urban Fabric. At the end of this study, a simplified evaluation and comparison between contemporary and traditional house are given.

Keywords:

Climate condition, Thermal comfort, evaluation, comparison, Traditional and Contemporary houses

References

[1] I. Basil, "Mega-project plans for developing the power and water sector in iraq and kurdistan region of iraq," UAE, Dubai, 2014.
[2] F. Hassan, "Architecture for the Poor : An Experiment in Rural Egypt Press", USA: University of Chicago, ISBN 0-226-23916-0, 1976.
[3] O. Nazife, "A comparative study of climatically responsive house design at various periods of Northern Cyprus architecture," Building and Environment, vol. 40, p. 841-852, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.08.024
[4] A. Boqvist, et al., "Passive House Construction . What is the Difference Compared to Traditional Construction?," The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, vol. 4, pp. 9-16, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.2174/18748368010040100009
[5] KRG, "Kurdistan's geography and climate," 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.gov.krd/p/p.aspx?l=12&p=213. [Accessed 11 7 2017].
[6] Y. A. Qusai and M. M. Lookman, , "Dust storm in Erbil city as a result of climatic change in Kurdistan Region Iraq," in Iraqi Journal of Science, Baghdad,, 2012.
[7] B. Singh, "Building in Hot Dry Climates", USA: John Wiley, 1980.
[8] F. W. Al-Hashimi, "The Persistent Element in the Old Urban Fabric, Erbil Bazar Area," Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 48-57, 2015.
[9] B. Givoni, L. Orlick, "Planning for Comfort in Hot Dry Climatic Regions," GeoJournal , vol. 4, pp. 60-80, 2000.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5396-3_5
[10] N. Hoshiar, "Architectural Identity in an Era of Change," Developing Country Studies, vol. 2, no. 2224-607X, pp. 81-96, No.10, 2012.
[11] A. Fazia and M. Helmut, "Numerical Study on the Effects of Aspect Ratio and Orientation of an Urban Street Canyon on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Hot and Dry Climate," Building and Environment, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 94-108, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.01.013
[12] M. Mustafa and Y. Hong, "The Characteristics of Architecture Style of the Traditional Houses in the Mosul City," American journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 3, no. 2, 2010.
https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2010.380.389
[13] S. H. Al-Azzawi, "A Descriptive, Analytical and Comparative Study of Traditional Courtyard Houses and Modern Non-Courtyard Houses in Baghdad: (in the Context of Urban Design in the Hot-Dry Climates of the Sub-Tropics) ". University of London, London,," 1984.
[14] S. H. Al-Azzawi, "Seasonal impact of climate on the pattern of urban family life," Renewable Energy, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 283-288, 1996.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(96)88863-X
[15] J. Warren and F. Ihsan, "Traditional Houses in Baghdad, " vol. 1, England: Coach Pub House, 1982.
[16] H. A. Abdulkareem, "Thermal comfort through the microclimates of the courtyard. A critical review of the middle-eastern courtyard house as a climatic response," Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 216, p. 662 - 674, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.054
[17] M. A. Kamal and T. A. Shelab, "Sustainability through Natural Cooling: Bioclimatic Design and Traditional Architecture," Study of Civil Engineering and Architecture, vol. 3, pp. 1-6, 2014.
[18] A. Aflaki, et al. "A review on natural ventilation applications through building façade components and ventilation openings in tropical climates," Energy and Buildings, vol. 101, pp. 153-162., 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.04.033
[19] M. Bahramzadeh, et al., "A Comparative Study to Compare the Wind Catcher Types in the Architecture of Islamic Countries," Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 312-316, 2015.
[20] B. Edwards, "Courtyard Housing: Past, Present and Future, " London: Taylor and Francis, 2006.
[21] A. Shady, "The role of landscape design in improving the microclimate in traditional courtyard-buildings in hot arid climates," in The 23rd Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Geneva, Switzerland. Université de Genève, 2006.
[22] H. V. Elham and A. Masoome, "Impact of Hot and Arid Climate on Architecture (Case Study: Varzaneh)," Procedia Engineering, vol. 94, pp. 25-32, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.10.010
[23] B. Sigalit, et al., "Study of Thermal Comfort in Courtyards in a Hot Arid Climate," Solar Energy, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 1173-1186, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.01.010
[24] M. Dabaieh and O. Wanas, "Reducing cooling demands in a hot dry climate: A simulation study for non-insulated passive cool roof thermal performance in residential buildings," Energy and Buildings, vol. 89, pp. 142-152, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.12.034
[25] A. Almusaed and A. Almssad, "Building materials in eco-energy houses from Iraq and Iran," Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 2, pp. 42-54, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2015.02.001
[26] D. A. Dar-Alhandasah, "Erbil City Master Plan Report, Directorate of Research & Studies-General Directorate of Constructive Planning," Ministry of Municipalities/Kurdistan Regional Government, Erbil, 2007.
[27] A. Levy, "Urban morphology and the problem of the modern urban fabric: some questions for research," Urban Morphology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 79-85, 1999.
https://doi.org/10.51347/jum.v3i2.3885
[28] K. Al-Kodmany, "Residential visual privacy: Traditional and modern architecture and urban design," Journal of Urban Design, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 283-311, 1999.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809908724452
[29] A. H. Al-Jameel and H. H. Kasim, "Re- Implementation of Courtyard in Modern House Architecture in Iraq," Istanbul, Turkey, 2016.
[30] A. Al-Thahab, et al., "Between Tradition and Modernity: Determining Spatial Systems of Privacy in the Domestic Architecture of Contemporary Iraq," International Journal of Architectural Research, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 238-250, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v8i3.396
[31] Y. B. Salahaddin and S. H. Ahmad, "The Influence of Modernity on Kurdish Architectural Identity," American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 3, no. 1941-7020, pp. 52-559, 2010.
https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2010.552.559
[32] D. M. Rostam, "Evolved Sustainable Building Engineering in Vernacular Architecture of Kurdistan," ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University, vol. 1, pp. 9-19, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.10148
[33] Y. Salahaddin, et al. "Modrenization Theory and House Garden Transformation case study Erbil city," ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University, no. 2307-549X, pp. 8-13, 2013,.
[34] D. M. Rostam, et al. "Economical and Structural Feasibility of Concrete Cellular and Solid Blocks in Kurdistan Region," ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.14500/ARO.10113
[35] A. Utama and S. H. Gheewala, "Influence of material selection on energy demand in residential houses," The Journal of Material and Design:Elsevier, 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.08.046

Downloads

Article Metrics

Published

27-08-2017

Issue

Section

Pure and Applied Science

How to Cite

[1]
D. H. Morad and S. K. Ismail, “A Comparative Study Between the Climate Response Strategies and Thermal Comfort of a Traditional and Contemporary Houses in KRG: Erbil”, KJAR, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 320–329, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.24017/science.2017.3.54.